Tag: financial inclusion

Digital Payments in Nigeria: Empowering Financial Inclusion in the Modern Era

In the modern era, financial inclusion is no longer a luxury but a necessity. Access to financial services, especially in emerging economies like Nigeria, plays a pivotal role in improving the livelihoods of the underprivileged and driving economic growth. As a result, digital payments have emerged as a potent tool in achieving these goals. 

Digital Payments methods

Understanding Financial Inclusion

To begin with, financial inclusion is the process of ensuring that individuals and businesses have access to affordable, convenient, and secure financial services. These services can range from simple savings and payment accounts to more complex financial products like loans and insurance. In the context of Nigeria, achieving financial inclusion is crucial due to the significant portion of the population that remains unbanked or underbanked.

To demonstrate this, the World Bank’s Global Findex Database reported that, as of 2017, only 40% of adults in Nigeria had access to formal financial services. The government and various stakeholders recognized this as an issue that needed to be addressed. Digital payments are seen as a means to bridge this gap.

The Rise of Digital Payments in Nigeria

  • MOBILE PHONE PENETRATION

First and foremost, Nigeria has one of the highest mobile phone penetration rates in Africa. According to the Nigerian Communications Commission (NCC), there were over 196 million mobile subscribers in Nigeria as of 2020. This widespread use of mobile phones serves as the foundation for digital payment systems.

  • GOVERNMENT INITIATIVES

Moreover, the Central Bank of Nigeria (CBN) has actively promoted financial inclusion through various policies and initiatives. The “Cashless Nigeria” policy and the “National Financial Inclusion Strategy” have played crucial roles in encouraging the adoption of digital payments.

  • FINTECH INNOVATION

Furthermore, the rise of fintech companies in Nigeria has introduced a wave of innovative financial products and services. These companies have leveraged technology to provide digital payment solutions that cater to the needs of a wide range of customers, including those in underserved and rural areas.

Key Digital Payment Methods in Nigeria

Digital payments have had a transformative impact on financial inclusion in Nigeria. Here are some of the ways in which they have empowered individuals and businesses:

  • ACCESSIBILITY:

In particular, digital payment methods are accessible to individuals regardless of their location. Rural and underserved areas have seen a significant improvement in access to financial services through mobile apps and USSD banking.

  • AFFORDABILITY:

Also, digital payments are often more cost-effective than traditional banking. There are fewer fees associated with maintaining digital wallets or conducting transactions through mobile phones.

  • SECURITY:

Digital payments provide a secure way to store and transfer money, reducing the risks associated with carrying cash.

  • INCLUSION OF INFORMAL SECTOR

Many individuals engaged in the informal sector, such as small traders and artisans, now have access to financial services, enabling them to save and grow their businesses.

  • FINANCIAL LITERACY

The use of digital payments has contributed to an increase in financial literacy among Nigerians. Users become more familiar with banking concepts and practices through regular use.

Challenges and Opportunities

While digital payments have made significant strides in Nigeria, several challenges and opportunities remain:

  • INFRASTRUCTURE AND CONNECTIVITY

Limited access to the internet and mobile network coverage in some rural areas can hinder the growth of digital payments. Investments in infrastructure are needed to address this issue.

  • CYBER-SECURITY

With the growth of digital payments, the risk of cybercrimes and fraud has also increased. There is a need for robust cybersecurity measures and awareness campaigns to protect users.

  • FINANCIAL LITERACY

Despite the increase in financial literacy due to digital payments, there is still a need for educational campaigns to enhance users’ understanding of digital financial services.

  • PARTNERSHIP

Collaboration between financial institutions, fintech companies like Vtpass, and telecom operators can foster the development of innovative solutions and improve financial inclusion.

  • CROSS-BORDER TRANSACTION

Enhancing the capabilities for cross-border digital transactions can facilitate international trade and the influx of remittances.

CONCLUSION

Digital payments in Nigeria have emerged as a powerful tool in advancing financial inclusion. The widespread adoption of mobile phones, coupled with government initiatives and fintech innovation, has enabled millions to access affordable and secure financial services. While challenges remain, the future looks promising as the digital payments landscape continues to evolve, making strides in improving the financial well-being of Nigerians and propelling the nation towards greater economic growth. Financial inclusion is not just a buzzword but a tangible goal within reach, thanks to the modern era of digital payments.

To conclude, as Nigeria continues to develop its digital payments ecosystem, it is imperative that all stakeholders – government, financial institutions, fintech companies, and consumers – work together to overcome challenges and seize opportunities to ensure that financial inclusion becomes a reality for all. The journey has begun, and the destination is a more prosperous and financially inclusive Nigeria.

WHY FINTECH IS THE KEY TO FINANCIAL INCLUSION

The World Bank Group considers financial inclusion a key enabler to reduce extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity. Fintech is key to financial inclusion which will open up banking services to all and sundry. Fintech has the potential to make banking services more accessible to those who would otherwise not have access to them. It can help to reduce the cost of financial transactions. It makes it easier to access credit, savings and other financial services.

The primary goal of financial inclusion is to ensure that unbanked and underserved individuals and communities have access to useful and affordable financial products and services that meet their needs –payments, collections, credit, savings and insurance – delivered in a sustainable and responsible way.

A look at the opportunities for financial inclusion

Financial inclusion is essential to the community’s progress as access to monetary touchpoints facilitates day-to-day living, and helps families and businesses plan for everything from short-term goals to long-term goals and unexpected emergencies. As account holders, people are more likely to access other financial services, such as credit and insurance. This is to start and expand businesses, invest in education or health, manage business risk, and weather economic shocks. This can improve their lives.

In Nigeria, financial inclusion has spread across Nigeria over the past few years. This includes job creation, Foreign Direct Investment, private sector innovation, and a push to open low-cost accounts, including mobile wallets and digitally-enabled payments.

Impact of Financial Inclusion on the Nigerian Economy in the Last Five Years

Employment: The World Bank Group considers financial inclusion a key enabler to reduce extreme poverty and boost shared prosperity. This view can be deemed credible based on its effect on the Nigerian economy. According to the Shared Agent Network Expansion Facility (SANEF) there are 1.4M number of financial access points/Agents nationwide. This translates into employment opportunities for over 300,000 Nigerians (excludes operators – MMOs and Super Agent employees). The employment opportunity covers a wide mix of agents, agent aggregators, agent shop handlers, licensed MMOs and their employees as well as licensed Super Agents and their employees.

Financial service touchpoints: To bridge the gap between unbanked citizens and financial services, financial service touchpoints are important. Financial Inclusion has brought to fruition the availability of financial services touchpoints in areas/locations previously unreached and deemed under-served communities. There has been growth in the number of agent touchpoints and volume of banking inclusion services such as POS cash out, G2P Disbursements and payments (e.g. Tradermoni, GEEP etc.), funds transfer and wallet creation in under-served or rural communities. These have improved these communities’ economic development.

As a result, investment in advertising and brand identity has increased. The huge investment in this area has created an avenue for state governments to earn internally generated revenue from operators and agents alike. However, this poses a disincentive for Super Agents & operators as it impacts startup capital and agents’ available trading capital respectively.

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI):

There is growing evidence that inclusive financial sector development can reduce poverty and inequality. When previously unbanked citizens save and

By mobilizing these savings for investments, banks and other financial institutions mobilize these savings for investments that, in turn, help grow the country’s productive sector and spur foreign businesses. In addition, Nigerian Fintechs in the digital financial services space have received multiple rounds of funding and seed capital through foreign direct investments. This has been done by donors and investors across the globe in the past five years.

International donor organisations e.g. Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation also drive Foreign Direct Investment through their partnership with EFInA to sponsor projects on raising financial inclusion rates across the country.

All these highlight the potential and need for a wider-scale promotion of financial inclusion for Nigerian society.

Financial inclusion is key to providing financial services to the unbanked.

Harnessing the Buying Power of the Financially Excluded

Financial inclusion has as much potential to help financial institutions lend to even poorer communities and reach rural clients. This is as they do to help commercial banks reach the lower middle class.

Only 40.1 million of the adult population have no access to formal or informal financial services. Mobile money uptake and awareness in Nigeria remain low at about 1% and 16% respectively. In addition, EFInA Access to Financial Services in Nigeria 2018 Survey highlighted that out of the 100M bankable adult population in Nigeria, 39.7 have bank accounts, 8% have formal sector employment, 16.7% own business (non-farming), 11.2% own business (farming), 23.4% rely mainly on farming for income and about 53.4% save regularly.

Based on this data, we can broaden our understanding of the population of adults who do not have access to any financial service (formal or informal) in Nigeria, their savings and credit patterns, remittance behaviours, payment channels and their potential to use formal financial services to manage their finances.

We can say that the financially excluded have enormous buying power. Based on economic and social metrics, transactions from this segment are low value and high volume.

Harnessing buying power of the unbanked

• Deployment of products & services that meet the lifestyle of the unbanked and rural dwellers: Despite limited access to banking services, Nigerians have long practised traditional

This unbanked sector also relies on micro-loan services from credit associations that serve their interests. By offering access to the financially excluded, they have additional access to a wider range of services. This can boost the collective standard of living in those rural communities. This can improve financial literacy and awareness.

• Retail-based pricing considerations: Inefficient pricing isolates consumers who would otherwise sign up for a product or service. This is especially true for the financially disadvantaged who earn below minimum wage. By ensuring retail prices for financial services and other products are pocket-friendly, it would encourage customer loyalty and repeated use of the available services.

Deployment of Technology-driven Solutions:

As history has shown, technological innovations are one of the major drivers of economic adoption. For example, USSD is a mobile-based service that requires no onboarding for users and has gained widespread adoption. USSD offers the best available communications technology to deliver mobile financial services to low-income customers. This shows how technological adoption drives financial inclusion.

In addition, research from other countries where mobile money adoption is high has shown a positive correlation between increasing mobile money adoption and significant levels of formal financial inclusion. In Nigeria where the financially excluded population remains high at 40.1 million adults, an expansion of mobile money adoption and usage in the country presents a real opportunity to provide the poor with access to financial services as well as other social benefits and services.

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